Name: Lacy Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) Family: Boraginaceae (Borage) Common Names: Friend-Of-The-Bees, bee feast, blue tansy, scorpionweed
LAKE COUNTY, Calif. – Early springtime, windows down, what is that tantalizing scent along the Lake County section of State Highway 20 from Glenhaven to Lucerne?
Most likely, it is Lacy Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia), which is found blooming along the Northshore in profusion typically beginning in early March through April.
Phacelia tanacetifolia is an attention-grabber not only for your eyes and nose, this wildflower native to Lake County and the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, is used in many places as a hedgerow on farms, as it attracts bees and other beneficial insects.
Planted in vineyards and alongside row crops with irrigation, it will continue to grow and flower into the summer months and is highly prized for its long, coiling flower clusters of nectar-rich flowers which open in sequence, giving a long flowering period that attracts not only native and European honey bees, it is also attracts to hoverflies (family Syrphidae), which are useful as biological pest control agents because they eat aphids and other pests.
They also entertain the eyes of those driving along Highway 20 on the Northshore, interspersed with California poppies – the state flower.
This annual wildflower grows two to four feet tall, both in full sun or part shade, with fragrant flowers ranging from white to lavender to blue.
According to Judith Larner Lowry in her book, “Gardening with a Wild Heart,” “researchers in integrated pest management interplanted tansy-leaf phacelia with sugar beets. They found that sugar beet yields were significantly higher in plots grown with phacelia, possibly because adult syrphid flies, which feed on the floral nectar and pollen of phacelia,were significantly abundant. These syrphid flies were credited with reducing the aphids on the nearby sugar beets. Hoverflies as far as 200 meters from the planted phacelia were found with the characteristic blue, star-shaped phacelia pollen in their guts.”
Adding beneficial Lake County native wildflowers to your garden, vineyard, or orchard like Phacelia tanacetifolia is not only good for your crops – it is great for the native wildlife!
Terre Logsdon is an environmentalist, composter, and advocate for agroecology solutions to farming. An avid fan and protector of California wildflowers, plants, natural resources, and the environment, she seeks collaborative solutions to mitigate the effects of climate change. Kim Riley is retired, an avid hiker at Highland Springs, and has lived in Lake County since 1985. After 15 years of trail recovery and maintenance on the Highland Springs trails, she is now focused on native plants, including a native plant and pollinator garden on her property as well as promoting and preserving the beauty of the Highland Springs Recreation Area. Karen Sullivan has operated two nurseries to propagate and cultivate native plants and wildflowers, has lived in Kelseyville for the past 30 years, rides horses far and wide to see as many flowers as possible, and offers native plants and wildflowers for sale to the public. They are collaborating on a book, Highland Springs Recreation Area: A Field Guide, which will be published in the future. In the meanwhile, please visit https://www.facebook.com/HighlandSpringsNaturalists and https://www.facebook.com/HighlandSpringsRecreationArea.
If you’re on the ground during a thunderstorm, you might witness a spectacular show of lightning.
But if you’re observing that same thunderstorm from the vantage point of the International Space Station, you might see a bolt of energy shooting up from the clouds. And it might be red. Or blue. Or even green.
These particle outbursts are like nothing seen from the ground, and may prove useful to predict weather outcomes more precisely, better understand changes to our climate and increase the safety of planes and ships approaching dangerous storms.
They have names that sound like they were taken from a fantasy novel: Blue Jet. Gigantic Jet. Red Sprite. Halos and Elves. But all belong to a more scientific-sounding family, transient luminous events or TLE’s; flashes and glows that appear above storms that are results of activity occurring in and below those storms.
Dr. Timothy Lang is a lead research aerospace technologist at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. He explainED how two key observational instruments aboard the orbiting laboratory are helping scientists better understand these colorful bursts of energy:
“We use the Lightning Imaging Sensor, or LIS, to map lightning in two dimensions with global-scale coverage. It shows us where the thunderstorms are taking place, and how powerful each one is based on the size of its lightning flashes. So it’s akin to a macro camera. Another instrument, the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor, or ASIM, is operated by the European Space Agency. ASIM gives us very fine detail of a TLE’s flash. In essence, it’s akin to a micro camera,” Lang said.
Torsten Neubert, ASIM Principal Investigator at Denmark’s National Space Institute addED that “ASIM and LIS make observations in different ranges of the color spectrum, allowing for different views of these particle events.”
So, LIS is macro; ASIM is micro, and together they provide a powerful combination for exploring lightning and TLEs.
The space station offers an excellent vantage point to scientists studying TLEs. At about 250 miles up, it is much closer to these phenomena than a geosynchronous satellite. Further, the stations’ orbit allows for coverage of storms world-wide.
All this allows LIS and ASIM to produce a unique space-based dataset of thunderstorms and their effects, which in turn helps support other observational instruments. LIS for example, has been used to calibrate instruments and verify data for the Geostationary Lightning Mapper on NASA and NOAA’s GOES satellites, and will also support the lightning imager on the European satellite, Meteosat Third Generation. This support helps make data produced by these sensors the highest quality for serving the public.
From the space station, LIS can provide lightning data in near-realtime for the benefit of those on Earth. It can report lightning nearing dry areas of forests prone to wildfires. It’s integrated into the NOAA Aviation Weather Center's operations, which provides weather forecasts and warnings to the US and international aviation and maritime communities. And, over time, it can map data points to help scientists observe changes to our climate over broad tracts of land and sea.
In short, studying lightning and its effects both below and above the clouds can have a big impact on how we view our planet. Doing so from the International Space Station is improving that view in ways that couldn’t be accomplished anywhere else.
For more electrifying information about the International Space Station, go to www.nasa.gov/iss-science.
To discover more about the space on, around, and beyond our planet visit http://science.nasa.gov.
With supply of vaccines expected to significantly increase in the coming weeks, the state is expanding vaccine eligibility to more Californians.
Starting April 1, individuals aged 50 and over will be eligible to make an appointment, and individuals 16 and over will be eligible to make an appointment to be vaccinated starting on April 15.
“With vaccine supply increasing and by expanding eligibility to more Californians, the light at the end of the tunnel continues to get brighter,” said Gov. Newsom. “We remain focused on equity as we extend vaccine eligibility to those older than 50 starting April 1, and those older than 16 starting April 15. This is possible thanks to the leadership of the Biden-Harris Administration and the countless public health officials across the state who have stepped up to get shots into arms.”
Based on the current estimates, California expects to be allocated approximately 2.5 million first and second doses per week in the first half of April, and more than 3 million doses in the second half of April. California currently receives about 1.8 million doses per week.
These estimates may be adjusted as time goes on. The state has the capacity to administer more than 3 million vaccines per week, and is building the capacity to administer 4 million vaccines weekly by the end of April.
“We are even closer to putting this pandemic behind us with today’s announcement and with vaccine supplies expected to increase dramatically in the months ahead," said California Health and Human Services Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly. "However, we are not there yet. It will take time to vaccinate all eligible Californians. During this time, we must not let our guard down. It is important that we remain vigilant, continue to wear masks and follow public health guidance."
In addition to increased allocations of vaccines to providers serving the hardest hit communities, the state has embarked on a series of initiatives to vaccinate those populations that have faced the highest rates of COVID infections before vaccines become available to the entire 16+ population.
These efforts include:
– Provider funding for programs to reach and vaccinate communities facing the biggest health disparities; – Working with organized labor to reach essential workers; – Partnering with agricultural organizations and community-based organizations to vaccinate agricultural workers; – Allowing providers to target by ZIP code via My Turn with single-use codes (scheduled to launch at the end of March); – Supporting a subset of community-based organizations currently partnering with the state on COVID-19 education to provide direct vaccination appointment assistance; – Prioritizing currently eligible populations and allowing providers the discretion to vaccinate those who live in high-impact areas (County Healthy Places Index Quartiles 1 and 2), including families.
Even with expanded vaccine supplies, it is expected to take several months for willing Californians to be vaccinated. Based on public information shared by vaccine manufacturers and the federal government, California expects to receive several million vaccine doses per week starting sometime in April.
Along with the expanded eligibility and to align with upcoming federal guidance, California will update its vaccine allocation methodology.
This will transition over four weeks, beginning with the March 22 allocation (delivered to providers the following week), from one based on the distribution of the 65+ population, workers in the agriculture and food, education and child care, and emergency services sectors to one based on the distribution of the 16+ population across California.
This will be done in conjunction with completion of the shift to the state directly allocating vaccines to providers. The state will continue to double the amount of vaccine allocated to the lowest Healthy Places Index (HPI) quartile as announced on March 4.
Forty percent of COVID-19 cases and deaths have occurred in the lowest quartile of the HPI, developed by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California, which provides overall scores and data that predict life expectancy and compares community conditions that shape health across the state.
The rate of infections for households making less than $40,000 per year (5.7) is 84 percent higher than that of households with an income of $120,000 or more (3.1). At the same time, California’s wealthiest populations have received 50 percent more vaccinations when compared to the rate of our most vulnerable populations. This approach recognizes that the pandemic did not affect California communities equally and that the state is committed to doing better.
A citizen’s report of an invasive zebra mussel found in an aquarium moss package found in a pet store prompted a U.S. Geological Survey expert on invasive aquatic species to trigger nationwide alerts that have led to the discovery of the destructive shellfish in pet stores in at least 21 states from Alaska to Florida.
Amid concerns that the ornamental aquarium moss balls containing zebra mussels may have accidentally spread the pest to areas where it has not been seen before, federal agencies, states, and the pet store industry are working together to remove the moss balls from pet store shelves nationwide.
They have also drawn up instructions for people who bought the moss balls or have them in aquariums to carefully decontaminate them, destroying any zebra mussels and larvae they contain using one of these methods: freezing them for at least 24 hours, placing them in boiling water for at least one minute, placing them in diluted chlorine bleach, or submerging them in undiluted white vinegar for at least 20 minutes.
The decontamination instructions were developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the USGS and representatives of the pet industry.
Zebra mussels are an invasive, fingernail-sized mollusk native to freshwaters in Eurasia. They clog water intakes for power and water plants, block water control structures, and damage fishing and boating equipment, at great cost. The federal government, state agencies, fishing and boating groups and others have worked extensively to control their spread.
In 1990, in response to the first wave of zebra mussel invasions, the USGS set up its Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, which tracks sightings of about 1,270 non-native aquatic plants and animals nationwide, including zebra mussels. State and local wildlife managers use the database to find and eliminate or control potentially harmful species.
The coordinator of the Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, USGS fisheries biologist Wesley Daniel, learned about the presence of zebra mussels in moss balls on March 2 and alerted others nationwide about the issue. Moss balls are ornamental plants imported from Ukraine that are often added to aquariums.
“The issue is that somebody who purchased the moss ball and then disposed of them could end up introducing zebra mussels into an environment where they weren’t present before,” Daniel said. “We’ve been working with many agencies on boat inspections and gear inspections, but this was not a pathway we’d been aware of until now.”
On Feb. 25, an employee of a pet store in Seattle, Washington, filed a report to the database that the employee had recently recognized a zebra mussel in a moss ball. Daniel requested confirming information and a photograph and received it a few days later.
Daniel immediately notified the aquatic invasive species coordinator for Washington State and contacted invasive species managers at the USGS and USFWS. He visited a pet store in Gainesville, Florida, and found a zebra mussel in a moss ball there. At that point federal non-indigenous species experts realized the issue was extensive.
The USFWS is coordinating the response along with the USGS. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, several state wildlife agencies and an industry group, the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council, are also taking steps to mitigate the problem. National alerts have gone out from the USFWS, the federal Aquatic Nuisance Task and regional aquatic invasive species management groups. Reports of zebra mussels in moss balls have come from Alaska, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin, Washington and Wyoming.
“I think this was a great test of the rapid-response network that we have been building,” Daniel said. “In two days, we had a coordinated state, federal and industry response.”
The USGS is also studying potential methods to help control zebra mussels that are already established in the environment, such as low-dose copper applications, carbon dioxide and microparticle delivery of toxicants.
LAKE COUNTY, Calif. – After a one-year hiatus, the popular Catfish Derby is returning to Clearlake Oaks on May 14, 15 and 16.
Past participants are being notified of the decision and the precautions that will be in effect.
Widely known as the biggest Catfish Derby west of the Mississippi, the event traditionally draws fishing enthusiasts from throughout the United States who come for a chance to hook a big fish, win a cash prize and enjoy the camaraderie that makes the tournament the type of event groups and families enjoy, year after year.
This year will mark the 37th Derby.
“In recent years, participation has grown to about 1,000 fishing enthusiasts and their families,” said Dennis Locke, chairman of the Catfish Derby Committee.
The much-anticipated event was cancelled last year due to COVID-19 restrictions that precluded events drawing large crowds of the size the Derby normally attracts.
“We aren’t expecting as large a crowd this year,” Locke said. “But we have been fielding calls from our most avid participants and so far, the mail in application rate is encouraging. Also, for the first time this year we’re accepting online applications so overall, we’re seeing good results early in the process.”
Camille Gouldberg, president of the Clearlake Oaks-Glenhaven Business Association which sponsors the Derby, said that many aspects of the event will be different this year.
“The one thing that won’t change is the fishing,” she said. “Hopefully the individuals, groups and family bubbles that normally enter the contest will return to enjoy the best catfishing around.”
“We decided to move forward this year after considerable discussion and careful consideration of the operational changes needed to minimize potential spread of the COVID virus,” Locke said. “We are following the most current local and state guidance. If restrictions ease up by May, we’ll evaluate the feasibility of revising some procedures.”
Locke also said that the Catfish Derby supports the local economy in numerous ways, boosting sales at bait and tackle shops, stores, coffee houses, restaurants, hotels, resorts, casinos, and more. “It draws more people from outside the county than any single event I can think of and the proceeds go right back into the community” he said. “It’s an important fundraiser for our little town.”
Gouldberg said the business association had to limit the amount of donations given in 2020. “The event proceeds from this year will hopefully allow us to resume more robust funding of the activities we traditionally support including schools, the local senior center and events that benefit our children, seniors and the community at large,” she said.
A number of significant changes have been made including two location changes. The on-site registration is moving from the fire station to the Clearlake Oaks Plaza on 12483 Foothill Blvd. and the fish weigh-ins will move to the Clearlake Oaks public boat launch ramp on 12684 Island Drive, west of the fire station off highway 20.
“We won’t be providing food or beverages this year and we’re foregoing the raffles, t-shirt sales and photo booth. Also, no entertainment or spectators this year and no awards ceremony at the conclusion of the Derby. Instead, tournament results will be posted on our website and social media. Prize awards will be sent to winning contestants by mail,” Locke said.
“It’s a scaled down version of what we’ve done,” Locke said, “but the prize levels are the same.”
A total of $10,000 in cash prizes will be awarded. In the adult division, 20 prizes ranging from $5,000 to $40 will be awarded. In the two kid’s divisions, 5 prizes are awarded in the 11 to 15 category and 5 in the “up to 10-year-old” category. Prizes in these divisions range from $100 to $10.
For updated information on the 2021 Derby call 707-596-0248, send an email to This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or visit the website at www.clearlakeoaks.org/derby.
“Our committee is made up of volunteers, mostly over the age of 65,” said Gail Jonas, former Catfish Derby Committee chair. “We missed the derby last year and hopefully, soon, we can return to more traditional times. But for now, we need to be cautious.”
Estate planning often involves various asset types, such as, real property, tangible personal property, bank accounts, retirement accounts and life insurance.
How each asset type is managed during incapacity and transferred at death to beneficiaries also varies.
Real property, tangible personal property, and bank accounts can be transferred to a trust for lifetime management (in the event of incapacity) and distribution at death outside probate.
California law, under certain circumstances, permits assets omitted from a living trust to be transferred into the trust upon court petition.
Using a so-called, “Heggstad petition” assets titled in a decedent’s name may be retitled to the decedent’s trust.
This requires evidence that the settlor (who created the trust) had intended to transfer the omitted assets to the trust. Evidence can be in the form of a pour over will (leaving all assets in the decedent’s individual name to the trust), an assignment of assets to the trust, and the decedent’s declaration to hold assets in trust.
Next, a will speaks only at death and says who inherits the decedent’s probate assets. In California, probate is required when a deceased resident has an estate whose probate assets have a combined gross value over $166,250 (2020). Thus, people use a living trust to hold title to their real and tangible personal property.
The will, however, does not speak to “non-probate” assets, such as assets in a trust, joint tenancy assets (e.g., financial accounts and real property) that pass to the surviving joint tenant(s), and assets with designated death beneficiaries (e.g., bank accounts, brokerage accounts, retirement accounts and life insurance) that pass to the surviving beneficiaries.
Whether such assets should pass to the surviving joint tenant or designated death beneficiary, however, can be challenged. That is, if there is clear and convincing evidence showing a contrary intention by the decedent.
Such evidence needs to be specific and credible. A will itself can provide clear and convincing evidence that the decedent’s prior designation of a death beneficiary was no longer the person whom the decedent intended to inherit the account.
The fact that a decedent’s estate planning documents (e.g., wills and trusts) can be used to overturn designated death beneficiary forms raises concern. A person may intentionally leave certain financial accounts and real properties outside his living trust or will to different beneficiaries.
Estate planning documents may speak in general terms when discussing the allocation of assets whereas designated death beneficiary forms are very specific.
For example, a wife may name her second husband as death beneficiary on her transfer on death, or TOD, brokerage account but leave other assets in her living trust to her children.
The wife’s living trust may be accompanied by a general assignment assigning all her financial accounts (including brokerages) to her living trust.
That assignment, if executed after she named the husband as the TOD death beneficiary, might be offered by the children as arguable proof that she intended the TOD brokerage account to pass to her children under the trust.
Next, another way that complications may arise is with powers of attorney and joint tenancy bank accounts or when a principal either has more than one power of attorney, has more than one agent under the same power of attorney, or has an agent who is not the same as the joint tenant on a bank account.
Problems may arise if the agents and/or joint tenant(s), as relevant, do not act together in agreement to control the same assets or affairs.
The foregoing general discussion shows the importance of having a knowledgeable estate planning attorney who understands and can address such issues so that they do not later create problems.
Dennis A. Fordham, attorney, is a State Bar-Certified Specialist in estate planning, probate and trust law. His office is at 870 S. Main St., Lakeport, Calif. He can be reached at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. and 707-263-3235.
Picture the United States struggling to deal with a deadly pandemic.
State and local officials enact a slate of social-distancing measures, gathering bans, closure orders and mask mandates in an effort to stem the tide of cases and deaths.
The public responds with widespread compliance mixed with more than a hint of grumbling, pushback and even outright defiance. As the days turn into weeks turn into months, the strictures become harder to tolerate.
As familiar as it all may sound in 2021, these are real descriptions of the U.S. during the deadly 1918 influenza pandemic. In my research as a historian of medicine, I’ve seen again and again the many ways our current pandemic has mirrored the one experienced by our forebears a century ago.
As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its second year, many people want to know when life will go back to how it was before the coronavirus. History, of course, isn’t an exact template for what the future holds. But the way Americans emerged from the earlier pandemic could suggest what post-pandemic life will be like this time around.
Sick and tired, ready for pandemic’s end
Like COVID-19, the 1918 influenza pandemic hit hard and fast, going from a handful of reported cases in a few cities to a nationwide outbreak within a few weeks. Many communities issued several rounds of various closure orders – corresponding to the ebbs and flows of their epidemics – in an attempt to keep the disease in check.
These social-distancing orders worked to reduce cases and deaths. Just as today, however, they often proved difficult to maintain. By the late autumn, just weeks after the social-distancing orders went into effect, the pandemic seemed to be coming to an end as the number of new infections declined.
People clamored to return to their normal lives. Businesses pressed officials to be allowed to reopen. Believing the pandemic was over, state and local authorities began rescinding public health edicts. The nation turned its efforts to addressing the devastation influenza had wrought.
For the friends, families and co-workers of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who had died, post-pandemic life was filled with sadness and grief. Many of those still recovering from their bouts with the malady required support and care as they recuperated.
At a time when there was no federal or state safety net, charitable organizations sprang into action to provide resources for families who had lost their breadwinners, or to take in the countless children left orphaned by the disease.
For the vast majority of Americans, though, life after the pandemic seemed to be a headlong rush to normalcy. Starved for weeks of their nights on the town, sporting events, religious services, classroom interactions and family gatherings, many were eager to return to their old lives.
Taking their cues from officials who had – somewhat prematurely – declared an end to the pandemic, Americans overwhelmingly hurried to return to their pre-pandemic routines. They packed into movie theaters and dance halls, crowded in stores and shops, and gathered with friends and family.
Officials had warned the nation that cases and deaths likely would continue for months to come. The burden of public health, however, now rested not on policy but rather on individual responsibility.
Predictably, the pandemic wore on, stretching into a third deadly wave that lasted through the spring of 1919, with a fourth wave hitting in the winter of 1920. Some officials blamed the resurgence on careless Americans. Others downplayed the new cases or turned their attention to more routine public health matters, including other diseases, restaurant inspections and sanitation.
Despite the persistence of the pandemic, influenza quickly became old news. Once a regular feature of front pages, reportage rapidly dwindled to small, sporadic clippings buried in the backs of the nation’s newspapers. The nation carried on, inured to the toll the pandemic had taken and the deaths yet to come. People were largely unwilling to return to socially and economically disruptive public health measures.
It’s hard to hang in there
Our predecessors might be forgiven for not staying the course longer. First, the nation was eager to celebrate the recent end of World War I, an event that perhaps loomed larger in the lives of Americans than even the pandemic.
Second, death from disease was a much larger part of life in the early 20th century, and scourges such as diphtheria, measles, tuberculosis, typhoid, whooping cough, scarlet fever and pneumonia each routinely killed tens of thousands of Americans every year. Moreover, neither the cause nor the epidemiology of influenza was well understood, and many experts remained unconvinced that social distancing measures had any measurable impact.
Finally, there were no effective flu vaccines to rescue the world from the ravages of the disease. In fact, the influenza virus would not be discovered for another 15 years, and a safe and effective vaccine was not available for the general population until 1945. Given the limited information they had and the tools at their disposal, Americans perhaps endured the public health restrictions for as long as they reasonably could.
A century later, and a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, it is understandable that people now are all too eager to return to their old lives. The end of this pandemic inevitably will come, as it has with every previous one humankind has experienced.
If we have anything to learn from the history of the 1918 influenza pandemic, as well as our experience thus far with COVID-19, however, it is that a premature return to pre-pandemic life risks more cases and more deaths.
Sticking with all these coronavirus-fighting factors or easing off on them could mean the difference between a new disease surge and a quicker end to the pandemic. COVID-19 is much more transmissible than influenza, and several troubling SARS-CoV-2 variants are already spreading around the globe. The deadly third wave of influenza in 1919 shows what can happen when people prematurely relax their guard.
LAKE COUNTY, Calif. – A veteran Lake County Sheriff’s deputy has made an important move up in the agency’s ranks.
The sheriff’s office said this week that Deputy Walter White has been promoted to the rank of sergeant.
Lt. Corey Paulich said White is believed to be the first Black deputy to reach the rank of sergeant or above on the patrol side. “We have had at least one on our correctional side.”
The sheriff’s office has 11 sergeants, Paulich said.
Sgt. White is a lifelong Lake County resident and graduate of Lower Lake High School.
He began his law enforcement career with the sheriff’s office as a Correctional Officer in 2006. He was promoted to deputy trainee and graduated from the Santa Rosa Police Academy in 2009.
White completed his field training program and began working as a solo deputy serving the citizens of Lake County in 2010.
During his career he has served as an explorer advisor, peer support member, field training officer, off-highway vehicle enforcement team and crisis response perimeter team.
During White’s promotion ceremony, Sheriff Brian Martin noted, “Sgt. White is a leader in the sheriff’s office and our community.”
In the quest for habitable planets beyond our own, NASA is studying a mission concept called Pandora, which could eventually help decode the atmospheric mysteries of distant worlds in our galaxy.
One of four low-cost astrophysics missions selected for further concept development under NASA’s new Pioneers program, Pandora would study approximately 20 stars and exoplanets – planets outside of our solar system – to provide precise measurements of exoplanetary atmospheres.
This mission would seek to determine atmospheric compositions by observing planets and their host stars simultaneously in visible and infrared light over long periods. Most notably, Pandora would examine how variations in a host star’s light impacts exoplanet measurements. This remains a substantial problem in identifying the atmospheric makeup of planets orbiting stars covered in starspots, which can cause brightness variations as a star rotates.
Pandora is a small satellite mission known as a SmallSat, one of three such orbital missions receiving the green light from NASA to move into the next phase of development in the Pioneers program. SmallSats are low-cost spaceflight missions that enable the agency to advance scientific exploration and increase access to space.
Pandora would operate in Sun-synchronous low-Earth orbit, which always keeps the Sun directly behind the satellite. This orbit minimizes light changes on the satellite and allows Pandora to obtain data over extended periods. Of the SmallSat concepts selected for further study, Pandora is the only one focused on exoplanets.
“Exoplanetary science is moving from an era of planet discovery to an era of atmospheric characterization,” said Elisa Quintana, an astrophysicist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and the principal investigator for Pandora. “Pandora is focused on trying to understand how stellar activity affects our measurements of exoplanet atmospheres, which will lay the groundwork for future exoplanet missions aiming to find planets with Earth-like atmospheres.”
Maximizing the scientific potential
Pandora concentrates on studying exoplanetary and stellar atmospheres by surveying planets as they cross in front of – or transit – their host stars.
To accomplish this, Pandora would take advantage of a proven technique called transit spectroscopy, which involves measuring the amount of starlight filtering through a planet’s atmosphere, and splitting it into bands of color known as a spectrum.
These colors encode information that helps scientists identify gases present in the planet’s atmosphere, and can help determine if a planet is rocky with a thin atmosphere like Earth or if it has a thick gas envelope like Neptune.
This mission, however, would take transit spectroscopy a step further. Pandora is designed to mitigate one of the technique’s most crucial setbacks: stellar contamination.
“Stars have atmospheres and changing surface features like spots that affect our measurements,” said Jessie Christiansen, the deputy science lead at the NASA Exoplanet Archive at Caltech in Pasadena, California, and a co-investigator for Pandora. “To be sure we’re really observing an exoplanet’s atmosphere, we need to untangle the planet’s variations from those of the star.”
Pandora would separate stellar and exoplanetary signals by observing them simultaneously in infrared and visible light. Stellar contamination is easier to detect at the shorter wavelengths of visible light, and so obtaining atmospheric data through both infrared and visible light would allow scientists to better differentiate observations coming from exoplanet atmospheres and stars.
“Stellar contamination is a sticking point that complicates precise observations of exoplanets,” said Benjamin Rackham, a 51 Pegasi b Postdoctoral Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge and a co-investigator for Pandora. “Pandora would help build the necessary tools for disentangling stellar and planetary signals, allowing us to better study the properties of both starspots and exoplanetary atmospheres.”
Synergy in space
Joining forces with NASA’s larger missions, Pandora would operate concurrently with the James Webb Space Telescope, slated for launch later this year. Webb will provide the ability to study the atmospheres of exoplanets as small as Earth with unprecedented precision, and Pandora would seek to expand the telescope’s research and findings by observing the host stars of previously identified planets over longer periods.
Missions such as NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), Hubble Space Telescope, and the retired Kepler and Spitzer spacecraft have given scientists astonishing glimpses at these distant worlds, and laid a strong foundation in exoplanetary knowledge. These missions, however, have yet to fully address the stellar contamination problem, the magnitude of which is uncertain in previous studies of exoplanetary atmospheres. Pandora seeks to fill these critical gaps in NASA’s understanding of planetary atmospheres and increase the capabilities in exoplanet research.
“Pandora is the right mission at the right time because thousands of exoplanets have already been discovered, and we are aware of many that are amenable to atmospheric characterization that orbit small active stars,” said Jessie Dotson, an astrophysicist at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley and the deputy principal investigator for Pandora. “The next frontier is to understand the atmospheres of these planets, and Pandora would play a key role in uncovering how stellar activity impacts our ability to characterize atmospheres. It would be a great complement to Webb’s mission.”
A launch pad for exploration
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, or LLNL, in Livermore, California, is co-leading the Pandora mission with NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
LLNL will manage the mission and leverage capabilities developed for other government agencies, including a low-cost approach to the telescope design and fabrication that enables this groundbreaking exoplanet science from a SmallSat platform.
NASA’s Pioneers program, which consists of SmallSats, payloads attached to the International Space Station, and scientific balloon experiments, fosters innovative space and suborbital experiments for early-to-mid-career researchers through low-cost, small hardware missions. Under this new program, Pandora would operate on a five-year timeline with a budget cap of $20 million.
Despite tight constraints, the Pioneers program enables Pandora to concentrate on a focused research question while engaging a diverse team of students and early career scientists from more than a dozen of universities and research institutes. This SmallSat platform creates an excellent blueprint for small-scale missions to make an impact in the astrophysics community.
“Pandora’s long-duration observations in visible and infrared light are unique and well-suited for SmallSats,” said Quintana. “We are excited that Pandora will play a crucial role in NASA’s quest for finding other worlds that could potentially be habitable.”
LAKE COUNTY, Calif. – Lake County Animal Care and Control has several new small dogs joining the canines waiting to be adopted.
Dogs available for adoption this week include mixes of boxer, cattle dog, Chihuahua, German Shepherd, heeler, Husky, McNab, terrier and pit bull.
Dogs that are adopted from Lake County Animal Care and Control are either neutered or spayed, microchipped and, if old enough, given a rabies shot and county license before being released to their new owner. License fees do not apply to residents of the cities of Lakeport or Clearlake.
The following dogs at the Lake County Animal Care and Control shelter have been cleared for adoption (additional dogs on the animal control Web site not listed are still “on hold”).
“Sophie” is a female boxer-pit bull mix with a short red coat.
She is in kennel No. 18, ID No. 14356.
‘Mandy’
“Mandy” is a heeler mix with a short tan and white coat.
She has been spayed.
She is in kennel No. 19, ID No. 14424.
Cattle dog-terrier mix
This male cattle dog-terrier mix has a short brown coat.
He is in kennel No. 20, ID No. 14415.
Male McNab mix
This male McNab mix has a medium-length black coat and gold eyes.
He is in kennel No. 21, ID No. 14425.
‘Husk’
“Husk” is a male shepherd mix with a short black and brindle coat.
He is in kennel No. 26, ID No. 14429.
Female German Shepherd
This female German Shepherd has a medium-length black and red coat and brown eyes.
She is in kennel No. 27, ID No. 14434.
Female Chihuahua
This female Chihuahua has a short tan coat.
She is in kennel No. 31, ID No. 14431.
Husky-pit bull terrier mix
This young male husky-pit bull terrier mix has a short blue and white coat and brown eyes.
He is in kennel No. 33, ID No. 14437.
Email Elizabeth Larson at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. Follow her on Twitter, @ERLarson, or Lake County News, @LakeCoNews.
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA – On Friday, Rep. Mike Thompson (CA-05) convened a roundtable with Asian American and Pacific Islander leaders from across the Fifth Congressional District to discuss the rise in anti-Asian rhetoric and violence both in the region and across our nation.
He pledged to take their solutions and suggestions to Congress and continue the conversation in order to keep the local AAPI community safe from such hateful racism.
“Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in our community and our nation have been subjected to terrible bigotry and violence in recent months,” Thompson said. “It’s unacceptable and we must take steps to end this hate and bigotry. Today I was honored to hear from AAPI community leaders and deeply thankful to those who shared their stories. Our community must do better than this. Know I am committed to taking the solutions and stories we heard today back to Congress, so we can work to end this and keep our community safe.”
Thompson is a coauthor of several bills to address the rise in anti-Asian hate and violence, including The COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act, which directs the Attorney General to conduct a Department of Justice review of hate crimes motivated by COVID-19 and issue guidance for law enforcement to address this issue.
He also cosponsored the Hate Crimes Commission Act, which would establish a bipartisan commission to study the rise in hate crimes.
Thompson also coauthored a resolution condemning anti-Asian sentiment and calling on law enforcement to investigate these hate crimes.
Thompson represents California’s Fifth Congressional District, which includes all or part of Contra Costa, Lake, Napa, Solano and Sonoma counties.
LAKE COUNTY, Calif. – One of Lake County’s members of Congress hosted local and regional leaders on Thursday in a discussion to update community members on the rollout of the American Rescue Plan.
Congressman Mike Thompson said during the online panel discussion that help is on the way for Americans thanks to the $1.9 trillion economic stimulus legislation, signed into law earlier this month by President Joe Biden.
In addition to $1,400 stimulus checks, the American Rescue Plan extends unemployment, subsidizes COBRA health insurance and extends the child tax credit, which Thompson said economists are reporting will cut childhood poverty in half.
The bill also will put children safely back in school, with $130 billion to fund school reopenings and help children regain lost learning.
He said it also will help ensure essential workers such as first responders, teachers and health care providers stay on the job.
A key priority in the bill is the vaccine rollout, according to Lake County Public Health Officer Dr. Gary Pace, who joined Thompson in the virtual meeting.
Pace said the bill gives a lot of hope that the community can finally move on to a life that’s not controlled by fear of the virus.
He said the vaccine distribution and rollout in California is the most exciting and impactful part of the bill, noting that for many months it’s been an “all hands on deck” approach with all staffing and resources going to vaccinations.
In Lake County, more than a third of all people age 16 and older have been vaccinated, with two-thirds of those age 75 and older receiving the vaccine, Pace said.
He said all residents of the county’s skilled nursing facilities are now vaccinated. Those facilities give an example of what the future can look like.
“Those places were a disaster in the fall,” he said, explaining that they were locked down and people were dying.
However, with residents now vaccinated, they are accepting visitors and it’s starting to look like normal life, with no new cases reported, he said.
Pace said the more people are vaccinated, the more we can get back to normal, with less suffering.
He said the funding will help get out the vaccines and also will help with communications, including educating people to address vaccine hesitancy.
“I believe we’re through the worst of the pandemic but it’s not over,” said Pace, adding that the vaccine is the best tool to address the coronavirus.
Critical help for local governments
Besides offering help to individuals, the American Rescue Plan is providing financial assistance to counties, cities and school districts.
The county of Lake is expected to receive $12.4 million, the city of Lakeport just over $900,000 and the city of Clearlake approximately $2,873,678, officials reported.
Local school districts are anticipated to receive the following amounts: Kelseyville Unified, $5,054,000; Konocti Unified School District, $13,835,000; Lakeport Unified School District, $3,239,000; Lucerne Elementary School District, $944,000; Middletown Unified School District, $2,454,000; and Upper Lake Unified School District, $2,848,000.
Officials on Thompson’s panel said the funding is supposed to arrive for local governments in two payments, with 50 percent expected to be disbursed by May 10.
Napa Mayor Scott Sedgley said the bill is great news for small cities like his.
“It’s going to make all the difference in the world,” he said, explaining they had to cut back on services.
Sedgley said cities are seeking to get payments directly from the federal government and not funneled through the state, an effort on which he said Thompson is working.
Separately, Lake County News checked in with Clearlake City Manager Alan Flora about the funds the city expects to receive.
“There has been little detailed information at this point. We are all still waiting on Treasury guidance,” Flora said Thursday.
“As we currently understand, the feds have 60 days from bill signing to pass the funds to the state and the state has 30 days to pass the funds to us,” he said.
That is consistent with the timeline given during the Thursday press conference, with Flora confirming the funds are to come in two payments.
Flora said the main categories for spending the $2,873,678 the city is set to receive include providing government services affected by revenue loss, providing premium pay to essential employees, addressing economic impacts through aid to households and small businesses, or investments in water, sewer and broadband infrastructure.
“This is pretty much all we know at this point,” Flora said. “We believe the biggest long term impact with this ‘one-time funding’ is likely best invested in local infrastructure, but we will need to see the actual guidance when it is released to determine for sure.”
Email Elizabeth Larson at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. Follow her on Twitter, @ERLarson, or Lake County News, @LakeCoNews.