Thursday, 19 September 2024

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monitiorpointalgalbloom

LAKEPORT, Calif. – With warm weather forecast to continue and recreational water sports gearing up, health and water resource officials across the state are reminding the public to be mindful of harmful algal blooms in lakes, streams and reservoirs, and to keep children and pets away from these blooms if they see one. 

LAKE COUNTY, Calif. – Local officials this week addressed concerns about whether it’s safe to swim in Clear Lake due to aquatic weed abatement practices and a widespread cyanobacteria bloom that’s developed over the past month.

Lake County Water Resources Director Phil Moy was one of the county staffers who responded to those two concerns from community members.

The issue of herbicide use to control nuisance aquatic vegetation has been raised over the past few weeks after a notice that was sent to Habematolel Pomo tribal members was circulated on social media.

County Water Resources staffer Carolyn Ruttan said she sent out a letter to tribe as part of a state requirement to notify all public agencies of any activity on Clear Lake. In this case, she was announcing the start of the summer aquatic weed abatement activities.

Linda Rosas, Habematolel’s environmental director, in turn sent out a notice via mail earlier this month to tribal members, advising against swimming in Clear Lake due to the planned herbicide use.

“It was an internal document, and it was an advisory not a warning,” said Rosas.

Copies of Rosas’ notice and Ruttan’s letter were then circulated on social media, resulting in community members questioning if it was safe to swim and pursue other recreational activities on the lake.

Rosas, who is fairly new to the job, said she doesn’t know a lot about herbicides and pesticides, so when she received the notice about the county’s program, she decided she should err on the side of caution and notify tribal members.

She said she was concerned that if anything happened to a tribal member swimming in the lake, she could be negligent for having not released the information. “That’s a big responsibility.”

Rosas said the advisory notice went out to the general tribal membership in a regular mailer. “It just somehow blew up and got out of control, when it was not really meant to be shared.”

Ruttan said Water Resources has received a lot of calls due to the notice, and so she and Rosas met on Thursday so she could explain the county’s aquatic weed abatement program.

“I need answers to all my questions,” said Rosas, who plans to relay the discussion to tribal members.

Moy said that, from the county’s perspective and based on the environmental documentation prepared for the aquatic weed control program, the herbicides do not adversely affect the water for swimming. 

“Tribal environmental offices may differ in their opinion of the program, but the county’s position is that the areas treated with the herbicides are safe for swimming,” he said.

Ruttan added that herbicides and pesticides are well regulated at the local, state and federal level, and tested extensively by federal and state agencies. She said stringent requirements are placed on their use.

She said only one herbicide that the county uses for its program, 2,4-D, requires a 24-hour notice be issued against swimming. So far it hasn’t been used this season although it will be later on, she said.

Ruttan said that herbicide is used to protect swim beaches so weeds don’t become a hazard for the swimmers. There have been issues with children and other swimmers getting tangled in the weeds, she added.

Ruttan said 2,4-D is used on Eurasian watermilfoil, the worst weed – besides hydrilla, which the state deals with – in Clear Lake. It’s not even a habitat for fish. She said it’s all over Clear Lake, and is known to be a problem elsewhere..

“It’s now Washington state’s most noxious weed,” with that state running a program to eradicate it, she said.

Cyanobacteria bloom impacting lake

Moy said the other factor currently affecting the lake is a widespread cyanobacteria bloom.

Ruttan said the bloom began to appear around the middle of May. 

She said cyanobacteria – a primitive life form – splits every four hours, thus doubling in number. This year it is very aggressive in the lake; she said she’s not seen so much of it before.

Sarah Ryan, environmental director for Big Valley Rancheria, explained that cyanobacteria is natural part of the ecosystem that studies have shown can come to dominate a water system when there are excessive amounts of phosphorous or nitrogen.

This year it looks very different – it appears in shades of near-fluorescent green or bright blue – and is collecting on the surface.

Over the last several years, microcystis was the prevalent kind of cyanobacteria on the lake, Ryan said.

However, this year, dolichospermum is the chief type of cyanobacteria in Clear Lake this year; it also appeared last year. Ryan said the same cyanobacteria also has been detected in Blue Lakes this year.

As dense as the surface coverage of the cyanobacteria is in Clear Lake is this, Moy said no toxins have been detected in it so far. 

He added that monitoring is continuing as the situation could change. 

Ryan also reported that water samples taken from several sites, in particular areas where the cyanobacteria bloom looked particularly bad have, in previous testing conducted his season, showed no toxins. 

However, on Friday she said a recent set of samples may have some low toxin levels, and the tribe is awaiting lab results to be completed early next week.

As a precaution, Moy said swimmers are advised not to consume raw lake water and dog owners should likewise restrain their pets from consuming or coming into contact with lake water as the dog may lick its fur. Swimmers should rinse off soon after getting out of the water.

Separately, Dr. Karen M. Tait, Lake County’s public health officer, told Lake County News that she’s also recommending caution when swimming for both pets and people, particularly in areas where water does not appear normal.

Tait said one “suspect” case of gastrointestinal illness associated with swimming in the lower arm of Clear Lake has been reported to her office. That case involved symptoms that manifested within a few hours of swimming and lasted for a couple of days.

However, Tait cautioned that there is no way to prove the connection between swimming and the illness as other causes weren’t ruled out. As a result, she’s considering it suspect for surveillance purposes, adding she will be watchful for any additional cases.    

Updates on the cyanobacteria blooms in California can be found at www.mywaterquality.ca.gov/habs/index.html .

For more information contact the Lake County Water Resources Department at 707-263-2344.

Email Elizabeth Larson at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. . Follow her on Twitter, @ERLarson, or Lake County News, @LakeCoNews.

historyalbanycongress

This week in history takes a look at the proposal that likely would have delayed, if not prevented the American Revolution: the Albany Congress of 1754.

June 19, 1754

No single episode in our nation’s history is more idealized than the revolution that created it, and rightfully so, to some extent.

Hindsight reveals a remarkable list of instances when the outcome of the struggle could have – indeed should have if you were a gambling person – gone differently.

The number of narrow escapes George Washington achieved throughout the war alone is beyond the pale. His army should have been crushed more times than not and yet time and again he escaped with a sufficiently large force to prolong the war until eventual success.

Those religiously inclined among us see the providential hand of God in these seemingly random acts of luck. Books have even been written on the subject (I’m thinking in particular of “America’s Providential History” by Stephen McDowell and Mark Beliles).

However you choose to explain them to yourself, there is no denying that the near-misses and small turns of fate played a major role in America’s success.

If we were to expand our lens outwards, beyond the confines of the war itself, we would actually see that these twists of luck happened well before hostilities even began.

An important event that, in hindsight, can be added to the list of providential (or lucky) turns for our country actually happened a quarter century before the Declaration of Independence. I’m thinking of the 1754 Albany Congress.

The backdrop to the Albany Congress was the growing tension between the French and British colonies in North America.

By the early 1750s the British colonies were increasingly threatened by the French-backed Indians and their raiding parties.

War between England and France had not yet officially broken out, but in North America there was no doubt that something would have to be done to curb the deteriorating relationship between the colonists and the neighboring Indian tribes to the west – and no reconciliation could be achieved so long as the French continued to incite the Indians to violence.

You see, by the middle of that century, the entire continent of North America was still up for grabs – the board lay open, waiting for each party to make its move.

By the 1750s the French had strongholds in Louisiana and to the north along the Mississippi River. They had a firm hold over Montreal and the region of Quebec and now looked to complete the chain of forts and settlements into the Ohio River Valley, joining their northern holdings with their southern ones in the Gulf.

The English, fearful of the stranglehold this would place on their colonies – essentially preventing them from expanding west of the Appalachians – looked to stop the French from accomplishing this maneuver.

This, in addition to the centuries-long animosity between the two kingdoms, guaranteed the conflict that was to come: the French and Indian War, just one theater of the larger Seven Years War.

The ensuing conflict would pit for the first significant time the resources of the colonies against another nation, a prelude to the Revolutionary War.

Operating nearly autonomously from each other, the British colonies had struggled to adequately address the increasing hostility of the French and their native allies.

To make matters more complicated, the colonists were proud of their individuality. It was to “King and Colony” as much as “King and Country” that each colonist toasted heartily.

As hostilities increased on the continent, some colonial leaders recognized that the very object of their pride would be their downfall should the small territorial conflict flare up into open war.

It would be easy for the French (and later the British) to divide the colonies and conquer them piecemeal.

Although definitely to a lesser extent, the same sentiment was felt back in London and so in June of 1754 a meeting was called in Albany, New York for representatives of 7 of the 13 colonies.

historyfrenchindianwar

The central object of the meeting was actually just to renew negotiations between the northeast colonies and the strategically important Mohawk Nation, a tribe of natives who were part of the larger Iroquois Confederation.

But the ulterior motive behind convening the meeting was to bring these colonies together to foster inter-colonial cooperation.

At the head of the Albany Congress was a Pennsylvanian man named Benjamin Franklin. Having started his career as a newspaperman, Franklin was quick to recognize the importance of currying public opinion, a tactic that would later prove vital in starting the Revolution.

In order to drum up support for the meeting and to highlight the imperative nature of cooperation, he designed a now-famous cartoon: the image of a snake, divided into parts, each labelled with the abbreviation for the individual colonies and, below, the words “Join or Die.”

On this day in 1754 the Albany Congress convened for the first time. By June 18, having discussed the matter of the Mohawks, all commissioners voted to convene again to discuss a proposal for creating a more centralized governing structure among the colonies.

They created a committee, with Franklin playing a major role, and it submitted a draft Plan for Union on June 28.

After several days of arguments and several drafts later, the committee approved the Albany Plan for Union on July 10.

The plan stipulated the following: the colonial governments of all but Delaware and Georgia were to select members to a “Grand Council,” while the British would select a “President General” to preside over the council; together these two branches of government would regulate colonial-Indian relations and resolve any territorial disputes.

Despite passing the Congress itself, both the colonies themselves and the British proved too stubborn for the proposal to take effect.

The colonies didn’t want any curbing of their power over their own territory and the British believed that directives from London were sufficient to govern.

In essence, the proposal had attempted to reconcile the colonies’ growing desire to reform colonial-imperial relations with England’s own desire to keep her colonies in their place in the hierarchy of Empire (hence the President General would be selected directly by London).

We sometimes forget that right up until the height of the hostilities between Great Britain and her former colonies, those same colonists proudly proclaimed themselves British subjects.

The Albany Plan was very much a middle-of-the-road proposal that would have kept both parties happy – at least for a while.

In the end, the failure of the proposal made the future War for Independence far more likely than it had been before. It ensured that the colonies would remain far subordinate to the dictates of London, a tyrannical rule of law that would eventually drive many of the same men who proposed the Albany Plan to develop a far more radical form of government – one of self-rule.

For men like Benjamin Franklin, the process of devising a form of government where individual, semi-autonomous colonies were controlled by centralized branches of power would be good practice for the decades ahead.

Antone Pierucci is the former curator of the Lake County Museum in Lake County, Calif., and a freelance writer whose work has been featured in such magazines as Archaeology and Wild West as well as regional California newspapers.

benfranklinjoinordie

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